Anger, emotional intelligence, performance and interventions.

The present chapter examines the nature of anger in athletic settings. Sport is inherently competitive, and goal attainment for one individual can occur at the expense of goal achievement for other individuals. Given the nature of anger and its relationship with goal directed behaviour, it should not be surprising that athletes commonly experience anger, both in competition and training. Consequently, anger management and the ability to utilise effective coping strategies could be pivotal in delivering successful athletic performance. Research indicates that anger can be beneficial to effort and lead to enhanced performance when associated with confidence and accompanied by positive emotions. Conversely, anger is associated with self-blame and disengagement when accompanied by depressed mood. The present chapter presents different samples of anger data. In study 1, we investigate relationships between anger and emotional intelligence in athletes. Study 2 presents a case study that used qualitative techniques to explore anger in sport. In study 3, we look at the relationship between diet and anger, and present data on individuals who use food as a regulator of emotion. The weight gain resulting from excessive eating, in turn, leads to frustration from body dissatisfaction, which tends to increase the propensity to experience anger. Anger-management strategies are discussed.